An Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant (IETP) is a vital infrastructure designed to treat and purify wastewater generated from industrial activities before it is discharged into the environment or reused in processes. These plants play a critical role in mitigating the harmful effects of industrialization on natural water bodies by removing contaminants such as heavy metals, oils, chemicals, suspended solids, organic pollutants, and other hazardous substances. The treatment process typically involves multiple stages, including primary treatment (such as screening and sedimentation), secondary biological treatment (aerobic or anaerobic digestion to reduce biochemical oxygen demand), and tertiary processes like filtration, disinfection, or chemical treatment to achieve the desired level of purity. IETPs are highly customized based on the type of industry (chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, food processing, etc.), volume of effluent generated, and pollution load. Advanced technologies .
